Evaluation Of Constructivist Lesson Plan Format Essay

Brittney Centeno EDUC 554 Inquiry/Constructivist Lesson Plan Format Written by: Brittney Centeno Science Subject Area and Grade Level: Water / First Grade New York State Science Learning Standards: †¢ Make observations (firsthand or from media) to construct an evidence-based account for natural phenomena. (2-PS1-3) †¢ 2-PS1-1. Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties. Materials: †¢ Materials for experiment (clear container, water, cup, modeling clay, unifix cubes and marbles.) †¢ Observation sheet Time Estimate: 45 minutes Objective: Students will be able to understand that the size of an object affects water levels. Knowing: Students will know that water levels change. Doing: Students will be able to add objects to the water and see whether the water rises or sinks. They will also be able to observe and record what objects have a different affect on the water level. Driving Question: What are the relationships between the size of an object and the water level? Adaptations: †¢ Students who are finished early can try to create a different object in shape and size using the modeling clay to place into the container of water. †¢ English language learners can work with a partner and also use a picture chart to help. Engage: †¢ Have you every noticed what happens to the water in the bathtub when you sit in it? (Turn and Talk) †¢ Have you ever wonderedShow MoreRelatedThe Nature of Teaching3498 Words   |  14 Pagesteaching and learning is based on a constructivist epistemology. According to constructivism, knowledge does not exist external to the learner. Rather, individual learners construct their own meanings based on their prior experiences (Vrasidas, in press). Learning is a result of construction, collaboration, recrection and negotiation within a rich context in which learning is situated (Brown et al., 1989). Technology has the potential to support constructivist learning and be used for active, authenticRead MoreEssay on Description of the Instructional Design Theory on Education2171 Words   |  9 Pages emotional, spiritual, physical, and social foundations. The learner may receive this knowledge in any number of methods including face-to-face teacher-lead learning, facilitated online student-focused learning, and any number of hybrid or mixed formats. Key factors for the instructional designer creating learning content and delivery are the learning goals and objectives, the learner traits and characteristics, and the delivery methodology dictated by technology, learners, and content (Willis,Read MoreIntegrating 21st Century Learning Into A Danielson Modeled Classroom2934 Words   |  12 PagesResources 5 Instructing In A Totally Virtual Learning Environment 6 Domain2: Classroom Environment 7 Domain 1: Planning and Preparation 8 Instructional Outcomes 8 Pre and Post Assessment 9 Materials and Resources 9 Domain 3: Instruction and Lesson Structure 9 Communication 9 Engagement 10 Flexibility 10 Conclusions 11 References 11 Introduction In 2013 the Illinois State Board of Education raised student performance scores on state assessments to more closely align to demanding CommonRead MoreThe Impact Of Direct Emotional Intelligence Instruction On High School Students3308 Words   |  14 Pagessophomores in the areas of personal awareness of EI and identification of EI components that are more problematic for them and that might be addressed in future curriculum. Strategies of Inquiry This qualitative study is based on a post-modern, constructivist philosophy. Knowledge is socially constructed, with environmental biases. This study will be conducted in the natural setting of a classroom, with the researcher as a key instrument. Students will provide multiple sources of data through engagementRead MoreEnabling Learning and Assessment3424 Words   |  14 Pagesrepeatable and measurable. Evaluation occurs throughout the course, assessment plays an essential role, ensuring the aims and objectives of the curriculum have been met.It assesses the learner’s individual achievements. The learner’s success rates can be measured against the national benchmark, giving an indication of the organisational performance. It allows the teacher to evaluate their own performance, this occurs throughout the academic year using for example lesson plans, schemes of work and feedbackRead MoreSchool Of Immunity And Infection7583 Words   |  31 Pagesexamination; Case study – MSc thesis†¦ Part 5. Feedback and improving on it - case study the design of the feeback questionnaire; suggestions for the future†¦ Part 6. Innovation in the class-room – case study with the â€Å"star concept†. Part 7. My plans for the future – becoming a better teacher; Innovation†¦ Ideas – teaching as a game; (3D fitting of†¦ ) Blog for feedback? The following work contains (†¦. Words) – min 4k/max 5k â€Æ' Part 1. Developing an effective teaching strategyRead More education Essay3930 Words   |  16 Pagescurriculum planning and instructional decision-making, and encourage students to be responsible for their learning and take an active role in the learning process. Individualized instruction is not just a philosophy, but rather is comprised of a specific plan for meeting every student’s educational needs. Individualized instruction begins with a system to diagnose student strengths and weaknesses. Teachers use this pre-assessment to define goals for the student and understand their academic interests. TheRead MoreASSESSING LEARNERS IN LIFELONG LEARNING7015 Words   |  29 Pagesassessment purpose: To determine what students already know so teachers can decide the topics and approaches to use. Formative purpose for teacher: To assess student knowledge or performance on some key topic or dimension to inform instructional plans. Summative purpose: To judge or evaluate student performance (i.e., give a grade). In addition, research is increasingly clear that the quality of the feedback teachers give students relative to how to improve is an absolutely critical aspect of classroomRead MoreManagement Strategies And Methods Of The Classroom Instruction For Ensure Consistent And Progressive Learning Essay2098 Words   |  9 Pagessocial competence which will lead to underachieving socially and academically. Therefore, focusing on building social competence as a foundation of any classroom instruction will ensure students are growing socially and academically from the first lesson. Social competence essentially is a student’s ‘people skills’ and how well they use them. Their adequacy functioning and interacting in diverse social environments will reflect their social competence. There is a strong correlation between successRead Morecomponents of curriculum3497 Words   |  14 PagesComponent 1: Curriculum Aims, Goals and Objectives Aims: Elementary, Secondary, and Tertiary Goals: School Vision and Mission Objectives: educational objectives Domains: 1. Cognitive – knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation 2. Affective – receiving, responding, valuing, organization, characterization 3. psychomotor – perception, set, guided response, mechanism, complex overt response, adaptation, origination Component 2: Curriculum Content or Subject Matter Information

Dash Cams And The Law Enforcement - 917 Words

In today’s society we see more and more advancement of technology. Anything and everything that we want or need can be accessed just by the touch of a button. Law enforcement has stepped up to plate with implementing the use of dashboard cameras as well as body cameras as means to provide clarity to traffic stops and criminal acts. Within the past few years there has been a rising amount of claims of police brutality which in turn have led to many riots in different states across the United States. There has also been a significant amount of crimes committed against law enforcement as well. â€Å"In a profession where it often comes down to two very different versions of the same event, dash cams have proven a useful tool. In some ways, a law enforcement officer who can serve an entire career without facing some sort of civil liability is an anomaly. More and more, patrol men and women are finding themselves the target of disgruntled citizens. This usually results in complain ts to the agency and/or a lawsuit.† (Nash Scarberry, 2014) Dashboard cameras have been around for some time now with body cameras being introduced in as well to help verify what has taken place on certain events throughout traffic stops. There is no longer just a he said/she said side of the story. Live footage is being received and viewed in order to not only record the stop but to aid in training purposes for law enforcement. Training academies and supervisors can replay the footage in order to show whatShow MoreRelatedViolence Between Cops And Civilians956 Words   |  4 Pagesand police brutality. But is the government really doing enough to find the truth about what really happens in situations that involve police brutality and the abuse that may happen to a law enforcement agent? The government is putting in enough time in order to find the truth out about the deaths of law enforcement agents and innocent civilians that didn’t do anything wrong in a violent situations. The government is also informing the public on what happene d in the situations and they are trying toRead MoreBody Cams : Policing For Greater Good1184 Words   |  5 PagesBody Cams: Policing for the Greater Good In today’s society no one is safe from everyday peril. Situations arise daily that may present either a law enforcement official or civilian that could warrant the need for extra protection. In some cases it is a matter of he said, she said. For those faced with such situations, documentation that could be provided by body cameras worn by police officials could be of great use. Body cameras have been tested in a small group of police departments andRead MoreUse Of Handheld Cameras Changed The Way Of Police915 Words   |  4 Pagesof them roughly restraining a suspect on the ground (Hunter). However, the police’s body cam and dash cam footage told a different story: after the suspect, John Harrison was pulled over for not wearing a seatbelt, the police discovered the smell of marijuana coming from his car, that he was driving with a suspended license and had more than 20 warrants out for his arrest (Kiesling and Smith). The dash cam video shows Harrison resis ting arrest, attempting to flee (Hunter) and punching one of theRead MorePolice Profiling And The Media1325 Words   |  6 Pages Police Officer Shootings What Is The Issue? Throughout the recent years many incidents have occurred between citizens and law enforcement agents that has brought light to police brutality. The media has played the biggest role by focusing mainly on negative actions that law enforcement agents take rather than the positive ones. Law enforcement agents across the country have received a bad name and continue to receive negative backlash for the many incidents that have occurred. No not every officerRead MoreDiscretion Of A Police Official Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagessummons; investigating a crime; reporting a crime; and using certain enforcement tactics such as moving loiterers, warning, and etc. Discretion is exercised to enforce laws and maintain order and protect life and property. The use of deadly force might be considered one of the ultimate uses of discretion. If it is required depending on the situation, an officer must make a split second decision on whether to apply deadly force. The law requires police officers to use deadly force in situations whereRead MoreBody Cams : Policing For Greater Good1308 Words   |  6 PagesAmber Lyles Professor Sullivan ENGL – 1301 November 20, 2014 Body Cams: Policing for the Greater Good In today’s society no one is safe from everyday peril. Situations arise daily that may present either a law enforcement official or just a civilian with a situation that could warrant the need for extra protection. In some cases it is a matter of he said she said. In just those instances it is important that there be some sort of documentation that provides corresponding evidence. BodyRead MoreA Brief Note On Police Brutality And America1098 Words   |  5 Pagesthem, the majority of police brutality could be cut down. Allowing the public to obtain evidence in the form of positive changes, and eventually reestablishing their trust in law enforcement. Currently, many states are beginning to enforce the usage of body cams, in addition to already enforced dash cams. Though, dash cams have been enforced for years, and it has yet to aid in the termination of police brutality. On the other hand, we see incidents where innocent police officers names were tarnishedRead MoreThe Crime Scene Of Police Officers2308 Words   |  10 Pagescivilian getting footage of you beating the suspect down and using unnecessary force on that person. Now think would it have been a good thing to have a body cam on you, and prove you are innocent from the charges you are being held with. Before the body cams came to the table, the only thing to help police officers was the dash cam in their patrol car. This helped with the evidence when going to testify what went on, but through time people realized officer are getting away with theRead MoreMy Ride Along Took Place Of Dekalb, Il With Niu Police Station996 Words   |  4 Pagesapprox. 5,000 on campus. Officer Jadran was a male officer that looked to be in his early 30s and of Hispanic ethnicity. Officer Jadran has been an officer for Northern since 2011(6 years). He graduated from Northern and went to the Suburban Law Enforcement Academy and got certified as an officer there. I asked him what made you want to become an officer he said, â€Å"Simple I wanted to help people every day and that’s what the job is about servicing others something I like†. Why be an NIU police officerRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Law Enforcement Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology has been improved all around the world, having a huge impact on law enforcement. All the new technology that has been created such as body cameras, dash cameras, gunfire detection, and mobile systems are used as an advantage for policing in their daily work lives. These are just a few of the new and improved technology that are an assist in law enforcement in their duties to protect and serve. Law e nforcement is now more efficient and effective with the different kinds of technology they

The Well Being Of Prisoners Life Behind The Bars

The Well being of Prisoners: Life Behind the Bars In the United States of America, civilians who commit crimes against the law are placed in prison and are no longer granted the respect of society members. Although they are not walking the streets, prisoners are still supposed to be given human rights within the prison grounds. Many statistics and cases show that prisoners are being abused, where prisoner’s rights might as well be useless. Some Americans do not think twice about prisoners since the prisoners have broken the law; and at times are not aware of the surreal events and living environment prisoners go through each day. The life prisoners go through is hostile, and the rights that prisoners should receive are being ignored. This neglect leaves traumatic mental and physical states outside and inside the prison. While in prison, human rights are being ignored as prisoners are sexually assaulted by other inmates, prison guards are abusing convicts, and outside of prison , prisoners experience employment problems. Prison rape has been a problem ever since the beginning of the 20th century, but has not been discussed until the 1960’s. From the 1960’s to the 1990’s, â€Å"the media and the courts cast blame on the national prison system† for prison rape, and from the 1990’s to 2006, â€Å"the courts framed prison rape as a rights-related problem, both in terms of constitutional rights and human rights† (Prison Rape: Law, Media, and Meaning). In other words, since theShow MoreRelatedPrison Reform in the United States of America1318 Words   |  6 Pagespeople behind bars than any other country on the planet. The prisons are at over double capacity. It cost a lot of money to house prisoners each year. A large number of the prisoners are there because of drug related offenses. There are prisoners who have been sent to prison for life for marijuana related drug offenses. Many prisoners have been exonerated after spending many years behind bars due to the corruption in our legal system. 32 States in United States of America still execute prisoners evenRead MoreBringing Prisoners Back Of Life By Jerome Hines1691 Words   |  7 PagesMariah Contreras Mrs. Cuevas English 1301 June 30, 2016 Bringing Prisoners Back to Life Jerome Hines once quoted, The only proper way to eliminate bad habits is to replace them with good ones. In other words, it is pretty much impossible to get rid of bad behavior if someone is not corrected with good behavior. This is true when it comes to many convicts and criminals who are behind bars now-a-days because the only way they will overcome their bad habits, is to be shown good ones. SomeRead MoreJuvenile Delinquents Sit At A Table Sporting Jumpsuits1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthe delinquents’ faces when they see the next prisoner walking through the door. Instead of a pair of six foot, 300 pounder monsters that were charged for two counts of aggravated assault and attempted murder like some of the inmates that the teenagers had run-ins with, it’s now someone their age. A security guard tells the visiting teenagers that the prisoner that’s being brought out was in the same position as them five months ago, telling the prisoner at the time to change h is ways before it’s tooRead MoreThe Debate Of Rehabilitation Vs. Reparation948 Words   |  4 Pagesstrictly punishing the prisoner for their crime. On the other hand, rehabilitation aims to â€Å"fix† the prisoner for a potential eventual return to society. Ethically, reform makes more sense than reparation, as it aims to make the prisoner more useful to society, while increasing the overall safety of the society. A strong rehabilitation program would additionally cut down the number of repeat offenders, which is financially responsible as it is very expensive to keep a prisoner behind bars. One of the mostRead MoreStigma Against The Black Community Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pageschance but Betts uses his time both behind bars and within the years to follow them in order to educate himself as well as others on the realities of life in prison as a growing boy. One could argue that there is an apparent thugification of the black male. Black men are seen are more aggressive and intimidating than their white counterparts by the masses. This could be used to explain why an unarmed black boy who commits a minor crime can see years behind bars, while a young white boy can commitRead MorePrison And The Prison System Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pageshumans or inmates, are sentenced to spend a significant part of their life in a confined, small room. With that being said, the prison life can leave a remarkable toll on the inmates life in many different categories. The first and arguably most important comes in the form of mental health. Living in prison with have a great impact on the psychological part of your life. For example, The prison life is a very much different way of life than what us â€Å"normal† humans are accustomed to living in our societyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Problematizing Carceral Tours, By Justin Piche And Kevin Walby1393 Words   |  6 PagesEmpirical research on prison systems is important in ensuring an accurate understanding of the success of rehabilitation. Prison tours should not occur because the tours are scripted and give an inaccurate depiction of prison life as well they dehumanize the inmates. In the article problematizing carceral tours by Justin Pichà © and Kevin Walby, the ways in which carceral tours are not beneficial for all members is highlighted. They state that some of the tours are scripted, in the hopes of settingRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Stopped880 Words   |  4 Pagescategorized as cruel and unusual punishment as stated within the 8th amendment? The death penalty should be stopped because a life sentence in prison would surely be adequate. Capital punishment is said to give justice or closure to those families who have been victimized of heinous crimes. We are following the same example as a criminal when taking a life for a life. Where is the morality in that? What is known as the â€Å"Marshall Hypothesis†, in 1972, Justice Thurgood Marshall argued in theRead MoreA Case Where Human Morality Hangs In The Balance. George1457 Words   |  6 PagesBlair-Orwells experience of working in the Indian Imperial Police† (qtd. in Rodden 70). The story recounts the dramatic scene of an unnamed prisoner in his last hour. It also illustrates the horrible wrong in the execution behind those prison walls. The author displays empathy and guilt after this sudden realization of a human’s life being ended in front of his own hands. Being the observer at that execution, Orwell realized that a judicial system where capital punishment is implemented is not true justiceRead MoreThe Positive Effects of Having Sport Activities for Prisoners1706 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Having Sport Activities Offered For Prisoners Introduction: With many correctional facilities in the United States providing some recreational and sport activates, many have thought that it will become a growing trend. However, the continuous budget cuts that have been made are limiting their activities and programs. The benefits of sport activities can reduce the tension and stress while promoting healthy choices to the prisoners. Also Prisoners develop pride in winning in sporting events

Theories Of Emotion, Relational Theory, And Social...

Introduction In the case study, Dasani goes through many hardships. Over time, the events that occur take a toll on her. Through the losses she experiences, Dasani exhibits behavior that can be explained with four theories. These theories are Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, Physiological Theories of Emotion, Relational Theory, and Social Identity Theory. Synopsis of Health and Wealth Theory When dealing with the health care system, the socioeconomic status of an individual can influence the quality of service they receive. The Health and Wealth theory shows that the amount of money someone has determines how well they are treated medically. Money gives individuals access to health care and for those who have very little amount of money or none at all are at risk of not receiving quality health care. In many instances, individuals with poor health are more likely to live in low end areas, have minimal education, and a low income (Hutchison, 2015). People who have a low income usually have more health problems than those with high incomes because they are exposed to hazardous environments and partake in unhealthy habits like smoking and not exercising (Hutchison, 2015). Affordable health care can be hard to come by. Having insurance can help give people access to health care, but the cost of health insurance can hinder some peopl e from having it (Hutchison, 2015). Also, just because someone has health insurance does not mean they have automatic access to health careShow MoreRelatedEssay about How do we categorize oneself ?651 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Social Psychology Types of Self and Identity How do we categorize oneself? There are numerous ways to define our identity. During the course of this essay, I will analyse these methods in order to gain a better insight as to how we are able to define our identity and self. Social Psychologists (Tajfel and Turner, 1986; Hogg and Abrams, 1988) have long argued that there are two distinctive identity groups that help to define types of self. These two groups are social and personal identity. SocialRead MoreCO2520 Final Review Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesIgnoring (d) Bullying 5) What type of roles helps establish a group’s social atmosphere? (a) Relational Roles (b) Communication Roles (c) Leadership Roles (d) Expressive Roles 6) Ludwig von Bertalanffy advanced a theory of seeing organizations as systems embedded in larger systems. This is known as the? (a) Perfection Theory (b) Globalization Theory (c) Work Force Theory (d) General Systems Theory 7) Conflict in the Middle East leads both to fears that oil productionRead MoreSigmund Freud And Erik Erikson1110 Words   |  5 Pagespredominantly attained by parents of children with emotional problems 70- 80 decades ago. The discontinuous psychosexual and psychosocial theory takes place in stages in one course moving through drives that are biological along with societal expectations (Berk, 2013). The contributions to this perspective include both Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. Freud examined psychosexual theory and how those first childhood years of drives shape the personality. Thus, such drive names are the id, ego, and superego. TheRead MoreCognitive, Social And Personality Changes1011 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The persistent personal characteristics that are revealed in a particular pattern of behavior in different situation are known as personality. This paper will explore the cognitive, social and personality changes that occur when a person is 24 years old. One of the major issues in cognitive development has been â€Å"nature and nurture†, i.e. if cognitive development is mainly determined by an individual’s innate qualities (â€Å"nature†), or by their personal experiences (â€Å"nurture†). First,Read MoreInteraction Is The Basis Of Social Understanding Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesthese points ultimately lead Gallagher to the conclusion that interaction, not observation, is the basis of social understanding. Quoting De Jaegher, he defines interaction as â€Å"a mutually engaged co-regulated coupling between at least two autonomous agents where the co-regulation and the coupling mutually affect each other, constituting a self-sustaining organization in the domain of relational dynamics† (Gallagher 2012, 3392). According to this definition, interaction constitutes, not just causes,Read MoreThe Unconscious Theories Of Personality Development856 Words   |  4 PagesUnconscious There are as many theories of the effects of unconscious motivations to behavior as there are general theories of personality. Some theorists, such as Freud, consider the unconscious at the very least highly influential, if not the sole motivating force behind personality development. Unconscious motivations have been linked to genetic predispositions, and up to 50% of variances can be linked to genetics (Bleidorn et al., 2014). Psychodynamic theories are often considered to hold intellectualRead MoreOne of the Main Divisions Between Mainstream and Critical Social Psychology Is That of the Methods Adopted. Discuss with Reference to the Cognitive Social and at Least One Other Social Psychological Perspective.1698 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween mainstream and critical social psychology is that of the methods adopted. Discuss with reference to the cognitive social and at least one other social psychological perspective. Social psychology has existed for about 100 years, before which psychology was a branch of philosophy. Social psychology studies individuals in their social contexts. It is a diverse discipline made up of many theoretical perspectives and variety of different methods are used in social psychological research. Read MoreTheories Of Development Of Self And Personality Processes1496 Words   |  6 Pagesexplaining how affect develops. In your own words, explain how Labouvie-Vief (2005) describes the process of affect development. Provide YOUR OWN real-world example. Theories of development of self and personality processes have centered on structural or dynamic processes. Labouvie-Vief (2005) outlines a theory, called Dynamic Integration Theory, which suggests that these two aspects can be joined by expanding on Piaget’s concept of representation as a relationship between self and object to one betweenRead MoreTransformational Leadership And Authentic Leadership Theories1598 Words   |  7 PagesTheories Out of all the different leadership theories I learned about this semester I really feel that I best relate to transformational leadership and authentic leadership theories. During the development of my personal theory I found that these theories tended to list many similar traits, and values that aligned with my own. Additionally, both authentic and transformative theories place a significant amount of emphasis on the relationship between the leader and her/his followers. The success andRead MoreOutline Of Social Identity Theory1278 Words   |  6 PagesOutline social identity theory and with reference to recent research critically evaluate the strategies individuals or groups might use to achieve a positive social identity. Social Identity Theory (SIT) is a relational term, defining who we are as a function of our similarities and differences with others. It is shared with others and provides a basis for shared social action and the meanings associated with any social identity are products of our collective history and present. Therefore Social identity

Distinction of Sex and Gender Free Essays

1. The sex/gender distinction. The terms ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ mean different things to different feminist theorists and neither are easy or straightforward to characterize. We will write a custom essay sample on Distinction of Sex and Gender or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sketching out some feminist history of the terms provides a helpful starting point. 1. 1 Biological determinism Most people ordinarily seem to think that sex and gender are coextensive: women are human females, men are human males. Many feminists have historically disagreed and have endorsed the sex/ gender distinction. Provisionally: ‘sex’ denotes human females and males depending on biological features (chromosomes, sex organs, hormones and other physical features);‘gender’ denotes women and men depending on social factors (social role, position, behaviour or identity). The main feminist motivation for making this distinction was to counter biological determinism or the view that biology is destiny. A typical example of a biological determinist view is that of Geddes and Thompson who, in 1889, argued that social, psychological and behavioural traits were caused by metabolic state. Women supposedly conserve energy (being ‘anabolic’) and this makes them passive, conservative, sluggish, stable and uninterested in politics. Men expend their surplus energy (being ‘katabolic’) and this makes them eager, energetic, passionate, variable and, thereby, interested in political and social matters. These biological ‘facts’ about metabolic states were used not only to explain behavioural differences between women and men but also to justify what our social and political arrangements have to be. It would be inappropriate to grant women political rights, as they are simply not suited to have those rights; it would also be futile since women (due to their biology) would simply not be interested in exercising their political rights. To counter this kind of biological determinism, feminists have argued that behavioural and psychological differences have social, rather than biological, causes. For instance, Simone de Beauvoir famously claimed that one is not born, but rather becomes a woman, and that â€Å"social discrimination produces in women moral and intellectual effects so profound that they appear to be caused by nature†. Commonly observed behavioural traits associated with women and men, then, are not caused by anatomy or chromosomes. Rather, they are culturally learned or acquired. Although biological determinism of the kind endorsed by Geddes and Thompson is nowadays uncommon, the idea that behavioural and psychological differences between women and men have biological causes has not disappeared. In the 1970s, sex differences were used to argue that women should not become airline pilots since they will be hormonally unstable once a month and, therefore, unable to perform their duties as well as men (Rogers 1999, 11). More recently, differences in male and female brains have been said to explain behavioural differences; in particular, the anatomy of corpus callosum, a bundle of nerves that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres, is thought to be responsible for various psychological and behavioural differences. 1. 2 Gender terminology In order to distinguish biological differences from social/psychological ones and to talk about the latter, feminists appropriated the term ‘gender’. Psychologists writing on trans sexuality were the first to employ gender terminology in this sense. However, in order to explain why some people felt that they were ‘trapped in the wrong bodies’, the psychologist Robert Stoller (1968) began using the terms ‘sex’ to pick out biological traits and ‘gender’ to pick out the amount of femininity and masculinity a person showed. Along with psychologists like Stoller, feminists found it useful to distinguish sex and gender. This enabled them to argue that many differences between women and men were socially produced and, therefore, changeable. For instance Gayle Rubin’s thought was that although biological differences are fixed, gender differences are the oppressive results of social interventions that dictate how women and men should behave. Women are oppressed as women and â€Å"by having to be women† (Rubin 1975, 204). However, since gender is social, it is thought to be changeable and adjustable by political and social reform that would ultimately bring an end to women’s subordination. Feminism should aim to create a â€Å"genderless (though not sexless) society, in which one’s sexual anatomy is irrelevant to who one is, what one does, and with whom one makes love† (Rubin 1975, 204). In some earlier interpretations, like Rubin’s, sex and gender were thought to complement one another. The slogan ‘Gender is the social interpretation of sex’ captures this view. Nicholson calls this ‘the coat-rack view’ of gender: our sexed bodies are like coat racks and â€Å"provide the site upon which gender [is] constructed† (1994, 81). Gender conceived of as masculinity and femininity is superimposed upon the ‘coat-rack’ of sex as each society imposes on sexed bodies their cultural conceptions of how males and females should behave. This socially constructs gender differences – or the amount of femininity/masculinity of a person– upon our sexed bodies. That is, according to this interpretation, all humans are either male or female; their sex is fixed. But cultures interpret sexed bodies differently and project different norms on those bodies thereby creating feminine and masculine persons. So, this group of feminist arguments against biological determinism suggested that gender differences result from cultural practices and social expectations. Nowadays it is more common to denote this by saying that gender is socially constructed. This means that genders (women and men) and gendered traits (like being nurturing or ambitious) are the â€Å"intended or unintended product[s] of a social practice† (Haslanger 1995, 97). But which social practices construct gender, what social construction is and what being of a certain gender amounts to are major feminist controversies. There is no consensus on these issues. (See the entry on Intersections between Analytic and Continental Feminism for more on different ways to understand gender. ) 5. Conclusion This entry first looked at feminist arguments against biological determinism and the claim that gender is socially constructed. Next, it examined feminist critiques of prevalent understandings of gender and sex, and the distinction itself. In response to these concerns, the final section looked at how a unified women’s category could be articulated for feminist political purposes and illustrated (at least) two things. First, that gender — or what it is to be a woman or a man — is still very much a live issue. Second, that feminists have not entirely given up the view that gender is about social factors and that it is (in some sense) distinct from biological sex. The jury is still out on what the best, the most useful or (even) the correct definition of gender is. And some contemporary feminists still find there to be value in the original 1960s sex/gender distinction. How to cite Distinction of Sex and Gender, Essay examples

Understanding Supporting Behavior Case Study Ethical Communication

Question: Discuss about theUnderstanding Supporting Behavior Case Studyfor Ethical Communication. Answer: Introduction This paper depicts the importance of effective and ethical communication as well as need of appreciable behavior of a person, to survive in the environment. This particular paper represents the reflection upon the behavior displayed in the given case study. The behavior of a five years old child, namely as Gemma, was observed by her family and school authority as well. The family of Gemma wants her to grow under the guidance of a school teacher. The paper describes the approaches that might guide Gemma. The paper demonstrates the range of strategies that are required to respond and support the behavior of a child. Moreover, different frameworks and models are also drawn considering the behavior of Gemma. Reflection upon the Behavior Displayed During analyzing the case study it has been found that, Gemma, a five years old child who is attending a kindergarten school. While attending parent teacher meeting session, the childs family conveys that, Gemma loves to attend physical activities and games conducted by the school authorities. However, the problem identified in Gemma implies that, she is not ready to accept any kind of rejection or lose. By nature she is found to be very aggressive and out bursting. She has artistic flair but from last three months she is showing different behavioral approach like she has physically struck out all the other students of the school. From the overall behavior possessed by Gemma, it has been noticed that she is not like all other students belonging from the same age group. This is one of the major concerns for her family as the behavioral approach is not correct from ethical perspectives. Description of the Approaches that could Guide the Child In the children services, ethics is a heart of everyday practices. Whenever thinking about the respond on different issues occurred according to the case study it is very much important to identify the trust and values adapted by all people involved in the ethical process (Union, 2014). The approaches include the following criteria: It demonstrates the respect for everyone involved in the entire system The shared values position can be uncovered The values and behavior helps all involved person to understand the valid point of views. For a single solution it gives more than one solution. A child could be well guided if the external environment, where he or she is growing up is positive. The selected scenario implies that, every individual character holds different norms and values (Phelan Kinsella, 2013). Three basic principles are there that are generally used to conduct all ethical research works. The core ethical principles and the concepts in child related research deploys some other approaches: The teachers and the family should give commitment to being, protective, and safety of the child. Minimize the amount of risk and harms of the student Child centric inclusive research approaches. Commitment to communicate well along with the child in a polite manner authority to different information and assents Possess sensitivity and consideration of the specific needs of the child. If the family and the teachers scold the child instead of love and guidance then it will lead to negative aspect which is determined to be very much harmful for further future of the child (Park, Chang Kim, 2015). Overburden and unsocial circumstances are other reasons for unethical behavior of the child. They should respect the relationship between the child and their family (Keys et al., 2013). From all the aspects of functioning optimal development and growth of a child is completely dependent on individual child and their achievement. Description on the Range of Strategies Required to Respond and Support the Behavior of a Child In order to support the behavior of a child, a range of strategies are needed to be developed. The terms behavioral guidance is referred to as one of the most positive and effective ways that helps the child to gain different learning skills and understanding strategies (Bond et al., 2013). The learning skills help the child to develop their own behavior in coming future. It is very important to serve relation along with the guiding behavior and in order to develop the strategies different educational and recreational programs and behavior guidance strategies are needed to be considered. These will help to develop positive behavior towards every relationship (Arundell et al., 2013). The range covers different factors such as social and physical environment, program structure. Factors Behaviors Social environment Helps to develop positive relationship along with the children. In order to communicate properly with emotions rather than languages, social factors help to empower the child. It also helps to establish and promote positive and empathetic relationship, between the children and their guidance. Social factor helps to frame appropriate model (Dinh et al., 2013). The sense of social responsibility is also developed by promoting the children initiatives and agency. It provides positive feedback to the child which helps them to understand their strength and weaknesses as well. Physical environment The children those are too much physically active always avoids displaying different challenging behaviors. The physical environment should give developmentally appropriate equipments to the children that will always keep engage with everything (Davis et al., 2015). It provides interesting and age appropriate equipment and materials to the child. It helps them to become independent and give them many opportunities as well. Improves trustworthiness and collaborative nature through which they can work together in future (Araya-Ajoy Dingemanse, 2014). Frameworks and Models for Responding to a Range of Behaviors Displayed in the Environment During assessment of the case study of Gemma it has been found that, different frameworks and models are involved in the system that responds effectively to a range of behavior that has been displayed in the environment (Weaver et al., 2013). For this case study a GREAT (guiding responsibility and expectation for adolescents for today and tomorrow) teacher program model is found to be relevant. This model is developed to reduce the aggression of the students in terms of minimizing the interpersonal violence in order to improve the academic performance of the child (Sih, 2013). The GREAT theoretical model include for separate segments such as school climate, environment of the classroom teacher and child. Figure 1: GREAT theoretical model (Source: Kugyt? liburyt?, 2015, pp- 60) Role of Effective and Ethical Communication Every child is needed to be consulted at all the stages of their care journey. It includes quality improvement in the behavior of the child to take effective decision and it helps to become more stable in placement (Kugyt? liburyt?, 2015). The social workers ensure that they are spending enough time along with their child. The people should be careful and use different tools while making conversation along with the child. The tools include cameras, diaries and creative arts as well. The activity based communication will help the child to feel more comfortable in terms of feelings and trustworthiness. Role of External Agencies and Professionals The external agencies and professional also play efficient role in effective communication processes. Many NGO and welfare committees are found that plays important role in children behavior development processes (Park, Chang Kim, 2015). Particularly in this case study, Gemma requires guidance of her family and teachers as well. Gemma was belonging from such an age group which is very much sensitive. It means that scolding or negative approach towards the child will be harmful or might affect the childhood of Gemma. Different ethical approaches are there that help to develop the behavior of a child (Union, 2014). The roles of the external agencies and professionals involves to monitor safety parental contact issues different welfare needs such as DHS or child first or police as well. The role might include regular mental health risk assessment. For assessing self regulations and self practitionersthe external agencies refers for individual trauma, self regulation and also grief coun seling with practitionersspecialists such as CASA and CAMHS. Creation of Strategies and their Description in Response for Inclusive and Ethical Practices In order to improve the situation and behavior of Gemma inclusive ethical practices and strategies are developed (Sih, 2013). The teacher of the kindergarten school develops different ethical practices and these are as follows: Justice practices Integrity practices Confidentiality and privacy practices Self control practices Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that, in order to develop the behavior of Gemma, the family and teacher should consider different behavioral models and ethical practices. This particular paper reflects on the behavior that is displayed in the case study. A range of strategies are developed by considering different factors that respond and support the behavior of the children. The role of effective and efficient communication among the child to her family and teachers are demonstrated in this paper. In addition to this, the role of external agencies and professionals identifying reasons for the behaviors are also demonstrated in this paper. References Araya-Ajoy, Y. G., Dingemanse, N. J. (2014, February). Characterizing behavioural characters: an evolutionary framework. InProc. R. Soc. B(Vol. 281, No. 1776, p. 20132645). The Royal Society. Arundell, L., Ridgers, N. D., Veitch, J., Salmon, J., Hinkley, T., Timperio, A. (2013). 5-year changes in afterschool physical activity and sedentary behavior.American journal of preventive medicine,44(6), 605-611. Bond, C., Woods, K., Humphrey, N., Symes, W., Green, L. (2013). Practitioner review: The effectiveness of solution focused brief therapy with children and families: A systematic and critical evaluation of the literature from 19902010.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,54(7), 707-723. Davis, R., Campbell, R., Hildon, Z., Hobbs, L., Michie, S. (2015). Theories of behaviour and behaviour change across the social and behavioural sciences: a scoping review.Health psychology review,9(3), 323-344. Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 36-62. Keys, T. D., Farkas, G., Burchinal, M. R., Duncan, G. J., Vandell, D. L., Li, W., ... Howes, C. (2013). Preschool center quality and school readiness: Quality effects and variation by demographic and child characteristics.Child development,84(4), 1171-1190. Kugyt?, R., liburyt?, L. (2015). A standardized model of service provider selection criteria for different service types: a consumer-oriented approach.Engineering Economics,44(4), 56-63. Park, J. S., Chang, D. S., Kim, Y. S. (2015). Differences in the Environmental Management and Ethical Management PracticesCorporate Performance Relationship Due to Customization and Process Innovation Level. Phelan, S. K., Kinsella, E. A. (2013). Picture this... safety, dignity, and voiceethical research with children practical considerations for the reflexive researcher.Qualitative Inquiry,19(2), 81-90. Sih, A. (2013). Understanding variation in behavioural responses to human-induced rapid environmental change: a conceptual overview.Animal Behaviour,85(5), 1077-1088. Union, N. S. T. (2014). Code of ethics.private copy supplied by Bruce Kelloway, assistant executive director, NSTU. Weaver, C. P., Lempert, R. J., Brown, C., Hall, J. A., Revell, D., Sarewitz, D. (2013). Improving the contribution of climate model information to decision making: the value and demands of robust decision frameworks.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,4(1), 39-60.

Research Methodologies for Social Principles- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theResearch Methodologies for Social Principles. Answer: Introduction Research is a systematic investigation process to get answers of the identified problem. Social science area is an extended field that uses the objective scientific method. This vast field is divided in two approaches, one is naturalistic and another is more traditional (Payne S. L., 2000). This report mainly discusses the research methodology and two different approaches. The qualitative approach, which is mostly used in attitudinal survey and categorical analysis, whereas the quantitative method is used in numerical data analysis. The shift from ontology to data source identification and all the process in between is identified and explained in the chapter (Cameron, 2010).. Further, the research methodology, key characteristics, strengths and weaknesses are also discussed in the following discussions (Baumann, 2011). Explanation of quantitative and qualitative social research methodologies and paradigms that inform them Before investigation it must be identified what research paradigms do, the research belongs to. The positivists, constructivists and pragmatists are three main criteria of the most common paradigms. The first step of the research is to connect the reality of the research through ontology, epistemology. Then comes the theoretical perspective and deciding on the methodology and data sources. This is the main paradigm shift in old research methods (Cameron, 2010). Quantitative research This method consists of the study of data that are analysed in concern of interpretation of numbers. The quantitative method of research is concerned with describing events and scientific data. Collection of numerical data that represents sets of data to analyse. Quantitative research has some general characteristics (Theobald, 2008). Control element is important for quantitative method and necessary for unambiguous answer to questions. Inquiry of the questions is necessary for control. Operational rule must be applied to measure the steps taken in research. Replication of the data should be reliable Systematic approach to hypothesis testing is done in empirical test Qualitative research This method is more time consuming and critical analysis. This method is less dependent on the numeric data. The qualitative research method is natural and inquiry are not contrived This is also not dependent in the separate variables In major areas of research, qualitative method is used as this provides more in-depth and critical analysis as well as considers the different perspective of the researchers It has been identified that there are four different paradigms in research identified by researchers Positivism in both of the two methodologies, it involves hypothesis testing to gain the main objective of the research numerically tested. Thus, a prediction of happens in the future date and critical realism incorporates value of the assumption. This is mainly focused on quantitative data. Interpretivism Critical humanism is a subordinate type of interpretative paradigm. The approach of the researchers involves people and they studied the process of research. The data gathered in the process is for social change. Reflexivity the reflexivity of the relationship between the research and people being studied. The more focus of the reflexivity element is given in emphasis in qualitative research. Community of practise the people in the work community and their consult with the course of study and helps incorporate others points in the work. This also helps in taking perspectives of their contribution to the research. Explanation of their historical context and identification of what kind of research each method is best suited to Since 1960, the strong move toward qualitative method, the naturalistic or subjective approach is in social science research method has caught the attention of the researchers. Scientific method has always leaned toward the quantitative approach. It was also termed, as homothetic and social reality is the main objective of the individual. When the subject of the social research is based on the variables in and observations are high in numeric values the effectiveness of quantitative method rises compared to qualitative method of researching. Qualitative method is required for attitude-based research. The attitude survey, demographic analysis, statement based interpretation comes under qualitative method of survey (Theobald, 2008). The quantitative method is interpretative and regarded with numbers. Therefore, the analysing with the research is subjective, diagnostic or impressionistic are also taken into consideration while choosing the method. Various factors must be accounted and e valuated. For chemistry and astrophysical experiments, the experimental research design methods are selected. The opinion-based research is used in experimental, arbitrary, interval and ordinal type of research. Quantification of the behavioural measurements is applied in numerical scale, intensity or behaviour, testing emotions or preferences. Observation research methods are also used quasi-experimental methods, case study solution to know the and why of the problem. It is mainly used in social sciences and anthropology study (Hoggart, 2017, April). Evaluation of the impact of the two methodologies on social research Utilising the approaches of the qualitative and quantitative method is needed and evaluating the impact on research has become an enhanced area of research methodology assessments. The implementation and adaption of the combined research study is needs to be aggregated. Quantitative method of data analysing predict relationships among variables but qualitative method uses social analytical frameworks and relationships, interpret patterns and observed trends (Card, 2015). Analytical insights or in depths analysis takes interventions of interpretative leaps based on the two research methods. Combining the impact of evaluation of qualitative and quantitative method needs integration of fieldwork and knowledge gap analysis. Qualitative analysis suggests the importance of construction and complementary indicators and replaces the existing indicators. Sequencing the information according the specific and predefined questions generates the qualitative study. In that case, the contextual study conducted in a sample and subsample survey allows to do comparison in the investigation and large survey in the same quantity (Makagon M. M., 2012). Merging the findings sufficiently to evaluate the impact, improves the analysis process as well as influences of policies of the research. To measure the change in qualitative methods the consideration of quantifying the qualitative impacts is necessary. Quantification addresses the application of indicators and indexes that includes both of observing changes in behaviour or perception of scoring data. In the contextual way the indicators can be collected in various ways, for example survey instrument in existing longitudinal survey of a relatively large sample of targeted population (Payne, 2000). These data are analysed with the approach of community scorecard or citizen report card. Qualitative research triangulates the results, in addition explains the relationships, trends and patterns (Hoggart, 2017, April). Demonstration of critical analysis of the strengths and limitations of each of the methodologies The strength and limitation of qualitative method Strengths Validity and reliability is a major concern for qualitative method of research Qualitative research is important for the suggesting the possible relationships, dynamic processes, cause and effect of relationship. This research methodology is a dependent on social analysis (Makagon M. M., 2012). Limitations It is difficult to apply conventional standards of reliability and validity to every hybrid research The context of research, conditions and events cannot be generalised in this approach of research. Data collection, interpretations and analysis is lengthy process Researchers always emphasised on the subject of the study (Payne, 2000) The strength and limitation of quantitative method Strengths Precision through this approach is highly managed Control of the research is maintained through sample design Statistical techniques are a approach to sophisticated analysis and also the replicability This approach can be used in producing causality statement, thus controlled experiments (Hoggart, 2017, April) Limitations As this research method is mostly based on numeric method complexity rises if it is difficult to control all the involved variables The mechanistic of ethos to exclude notions of freedom and moral responsibility It also fails to take into consideration the different perspectives of interpretation The hypothesis is mostly based on assumptions and the facts may not be true for all context (Baumann, 2011). Reference Baumann, A. N. A., Domenech Rodrguez, M., PARRA?CARDONA, J. R. (2011). Community?based applied research with Latino immigrant families: informing practice and research according to ethical and social justice principles.Family process,50(2), 132-148. Cameron, L., Maslen, R. (2010).Metaphor analysis: Research practice in applied linguistics, social sciences and the humanities. Equinox. Card, N. A. (2015).Applied meta-analysis for social science research. Guilford Publications. Hoggart, L. (2017, April). Collaboration or collusion? Involving research users in applied social research. InWomen's Studies International Forum(Vol. 61, pp. 100-107). Pergamon. Makagon, M. M., McCowan, B., Mench, J. A. (2012). How can social network analysis contribute to social behavior research in applied ethology?.Applied animal behaviour science,138(3), 152-161. Payne, S. L. (2000). Challenges for research ethics and moral knowledge construction in the applied social sciences.Journal of Business Ethics,26(4), 307-318. Payne, S. L. (2000). Challenges for research ethics and moral knowledge construction in the applied social sciences.Journal of Business Ethics,26(4), 307-318. Theobald, S., Nhlema-Simwaka, B. (2008). The research, policy and practice interface: Reflections on using applied social research to promote equity in health in Malawi.Social Science Medicine,67(5), 760-770.